• 490 3 The elastase induced injury model has been shown to pr

  2020-12-28

  

  The elastase-induced injury model has been shown to produce airspace enlargement, and increases in lung volume and compliance that are similar to those observed in human patients (Hantos et al., 2008, Hamakawa et al., 2011). Thus, this model, which has been used to study emphysema, should be adequat

• In plants SUMOylation has been shown to modulate plant

  2020-12-28

  

  In plants, SUMOylation has been shown to modulate plant hormone signaling (Lois et al., 2003, Miura et al., 2009, Conti et al., 2014), root stem cell maintenance (Xu et al., 2013), and responses to abiotic and biotic stress (Lois, 2010). Many of the plant biological processes regulated by SUMOylatio

• The larger eukaryotic ligases such as LigI and LigIV also

  2020-12-28

  

  The larger eukaryotic ligases, such as LigI and LigIV, also possess an additional N-terminal DNA-binding domain (DBD) that is required for efficient ligation (Fig. 1c) and enables these ligases to encircle DNA [17]. An equivalent helix–hairpin–helix domain is also present in the bacterial NAD-depend

• Indeed a significant difference was

  2020-12-28

  

  Indeed, a significant difference was observed for the binding of glycated α-synuclein. Thus, g-α-synuclein bound to other part of GAPDH in 4 of 10 simulations (Fig. 2F, brown, yellow and dark-green chains, and Fig. 2G, brown chain). This additional binding site is located on the interface between O

• br Proteases with special focus on cysteine proteases

  2020-12-28

  

  Proteases with special focus on cysteine proteases Vaccination using cysteine proteases as antigens with special emphasis on DNA-vaccines Concluding remarks In spite of the great potential of DNA vaccines, the technology has not been as revolutionary as expected in higher mammals. In fish,

• Herein we report the expression of shrimp Cdk in

  2020-12-28

  

  Herein we report the expression of shrimp Cdk-2 in hepatopancreas, gills and muscle, finding higher expression in hepatopancreas and gills and lower expression in muscle. No significant changes due to hypoxia and hypoxia reoxygenation were detected on the expression of Cdk-2 in hepatopancreas and gi

• CYP s are heme containing monooxygenases

  2020-12-28

  

  CYP450s are heme-containing monooxygenases constituting a conserved gene superfamily of heme-thiolate proteins, and are found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (Martignoni et al., 2006). They play a key role in detoxification of endogenous (e.g., steroids) and exogenous compounds (e.g., drug, insecticid

• The present study intended to characterize the

  2020-12-28

  

  The present study intended to characterize the predominant cholinesterasic form found in tissues of three tropical fish species, namely Phalloceros harpagos Lucinda, 2008 (common name guaru), Pterygoplichthys pardalis Castelnau, 1855 (common name cascudo) and Astyanax altiparanae Garutti and Britski

• The transcription factor CREB has been extensively studied

  2020-12-28

  

  The transcription factor CREB has been extensively studied for its role in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory (West et al., 2002, Lonze and Ginty, 2002). Previous research has demonstrated that the phosphorylation of CREB at Ser133, performed by the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, initiates a casca

• The role of activation of xenosensor nuclear receptors

  2020-12-26

  

  The role of activation of xenosensor nuclear receptors such as PPARα, CAR, and PXR in producing hepatomegaly and liver tumors in rodents has been well-established (Klaunig et al., 2003, Lake, 2009). In the case of PPARα, the increase in liver weight results from increased peroxisomal mass and expans

• The structure of the HOIP RBR

  2020-12-25

  

  The structure of the HOIP RBR–LDD module bound to UbcH5~Ub reveals insights into an activated HOIP component [47]. Contacts between the E2~Ub and the non-cognate RBR module in the crystal suggest how a structure in which the active sites of the E2 and the E3 are in close proximity might look. In thi

• Each of these substrate receptors belongs

  2020-12-25

  

  Each of these substrate receptors belongs to a multigene family with tens, if not hundreds of members in plants, and with in part overlapping and in part differential substrate specificities [4]. The complexity of the system is nicely illustrated by the F-box protein and auxin receptor TRANSPORT INH

• Based on the SUMO SIM interaction

  2020-12-25

  

  Based on the SUMO–SIM interaction involved in SUMOD positioning, a SUMO2ΔSBD (SIM-binding domain; Q30A, F31A, I33A) mutant can be investigated that disrupts this important binding interface (Eisenhardt et al., 2015; Meulmeester, Kunze, Hsiao, Urlaub, & Melchior, 2008). In Fig. 4A, multiturnover assa

• br Materials and methods br

  2020-12-25

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion The incretin hormones potently stimulate insulin secretion, and it is generally assumed that this is mediated by an endocrine mechanism such that GIP and GLP-1 through the circulation reach the islet beta Calpain Inhibitor II, ALLM sale to stimulate

• br Effect of DPP Inhibitors on

  2020-12-25

  

  Effect of DPP-4 Inhibitors on the Clinical Course of Heart Failure Four large-scale cardiovascular outcomes trials with DPP-4 inhibitors have been completed, and their findings have been published (Table 1) 31, 32, 33, 34. In 2 studies (with saxagliptin and alogliptin), DPP-4 inhibition was accom

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